Posts tagged human

“Inevitabile fatum” - The Inevitable Fate Anato Miae, Hoc Est, Corporis. 1537, Ioannem Dryandrum [Joannem Dryandrum], 1537.

“Inevitabile fatum” - The Inevitable Fate

Anato Miae, Hoc Est, Corporis. 1537, Ioannem Dryandrum [Joannem Dryandrum], 1537.

Reginald Southey with human and monkey skeleton Albumen photograph by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (nom de plume Lewis Caroll, author of Alice in Wonderland), 1857. Reginald Southey was an English physician who invented a specialized cannula (tube) for draining the excess fluid from limbs suffering from edema (dropsy). He also apparently served on England’s “Lunacy Commission” so…there’s that. Southey was lifelong friends with Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and was the one who encouraged him to take up photography. The pensive expression on Southey’s face betrays the fact that he’s standing with his arm around a skeleton rather than a live human. The composition of the photograph and the portrayal of the abnormal as mundane strikes me as incredibly reminiscent of the worlds Dodgson created in his writings.

Reginald Southey with human and monkey skeleton

Albumen photograph by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (nom de plume Lewis Caroll, author of Alice in Wonderland), 1857.

Reginald Southey was an English physician who invented a specialized cannula (tube) for draining the excess fluid from limbs suffering from edema (dropsy). He also apparently served on England’s “Lunacy Commission” so…there’s that. Southey was lifelong friends with Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and was the one who encouraged him to take up photography.

The pensive expression on Southey’s face betrays the fact that he’s standing with his arm around a skeleton rather than a live human. The composition of the photograph and the portrayal of the abnormal as mundane strikes me as incredibly reminiscent of the worlds Dodgson created in his writings.

commons.wikimedia.org

You are my only refuge right now all search engines have failed me. Do you know of any articles that supposes or assumes the mouth as a sexual organ. — Asked by imperatorclass

There are a few that you can find on Google Scholar that explicitly mention the mouth as a sexual organ, but they are largely based upon the works of Freud or some earlier, more…”interesting”, points of view.

I don’t know what resources you have available to you, but if you’re on a high school or college campus, you probably have access to a lot of different journals - I just don’t know which ones you can access.

Beyond Freudian stuff, there are two broad approaches to seeing the mouth as a sexual organ; it can either be viewed as a site of physical stimulation or chemical stimulation (the body responding to a partner’s MHC profile/hormonal profile and *possibly* [not very likely] responding to the pheromone signals via the human vomeronasal organ).

If you’re looking at it as a site of physical stimulation, try looking up the works of Kinsey, and the follow-up research done in the 1990s that heavily references Kinsey. Chemical stimulation articles can be found in the Chemical Senses journal, among others, by searching for “MHC human sexuality”, “human vomeronasal organ”, and similar terms.

The mouth is also seen as a sexual organ owing to its aural stimulation abilities when producing sounds during intercourse or even in non-sexual interactions. However, this is not a widely-researched view.

We once had a chimp who could sort photographs of apes and human beings into two piles. Apes on one pile, humans on the other. The only trouble was, every time she got to her own picture, she put it on the pile with the human beings.
Dr. Geoffrey H. Bourne, Yerkes Primate Research Center. Bartlett’s Unfamiliar Quotations by Leonard Levinson, 1971. (via ingridrichter)
Skull of juvenile Bornean orangutan (top) compared to adult Homo sapiens Like most great apes, Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) have large, sharp, canine teeth. However, these do not grow in until the juvenile orangutan loses its milk teeth, a couple years after weaning (typically between 4-6 years of age). You can see the evolutionary differences in diet between orangutans and humans, simply by looking at the teeth and shape of the skull. The orangutan has large, broad molars, sharp incisors, and mandibular musculature that has a very broad attachment point on the skull. Bornean orangutans are generally vegetarian, feeding on leaves, berries, and even bark at times. The broad molars are necessary for grinding and breaking down roughage in their diet. While the human skull given is not the best example, we have smaller molars, weaker mandibular muscles, and fairly dull incisors and canines. Homo sapiens evolved as strict omnivores, but with a very distinct difference from our more simian (and even most of our hominid) ancestors - we cooked our food. Though the roughage early humanity consumed was much tougher than what we eat today (unless you eat roots and nutmeats as a primary diet), cooking foods such as meats and roots broke them down before we ate them. Our skulls required less space for jaws and jaw muscles, and we required less energy to eat than ever before. Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur. J.C.D. Schreber, 1774.

Skull of juvenile Bornean orangutan (top) compared to adult Homo sapiens

Like most great apes, Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) have large, sharp, canine teeth. However, these do not grow in until the juvenile orangutan loses its milk teeth, a couple years after weaning (typically between 4-6 years of age).

You can see the evolutionary differences in diet between orangutans and humans, simply by looking at the teeth and shape of the skull. The orangutan has large, broad molars, sharp incisors, and mandibular musculature that has a very broad attachment point on the skull. Bornean orangutans are generally vegetarian, feeding on leaves, berries, and even bark at times. The broad molars are necessary for grinding and breaking down roughage in their diet.

While the human skull given is not the best example, we have smaller molars, weaker mandibular muscles, and fairly dull incisors and canines. Homo sapiens evolved as strict omnivores, but with a very distinct difference from our more simian (and even most of our hominid) ancestors - we cooked our food. Though the roughage early humanity consumed was much tougher than what we eat today (unless you eat roots and nutmeats as a primary diet), cooking foods such as meats and roots broke them down before we ate them. Our skulls required less space for jaws and jaw muscles, and we required less energy to eat than ever before.

Die Säugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur. J.C.D. Schreber, 1774.

archive.org

jaconni:

PRAGUE 2011

[KUTNA HORA — Sedlec Ossuary]

[Bohemia, CZ]

jaconni

moshita: skull fracture with hematoma, ca. 1700

moshita:

skull fracture with hematoma, ca. 1700

moshita

anatomicallyincorrect: Views of a Foetus in the Womb (c. 1510 - 1512) is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci.

anatomicallyincorrect:

Views of a Foetus in the Womb (c. 1510 - 1512) is a drawing by Leonardo da Vinci.

Adult human female and ostrich skeleton, not to scale. Ostrich engraving originally from Cheselden’s works, included to show analogous structures between the bird and the human. Though the evolutionary significance of homology and analogy of anatomical structures wasn’t understood yet, Linnaeus used many homologous structures in his grouping of creatures within families and species. However, Linnaeus grouped animals based upon morphology, not evolutionary characteristics. These days, phylogenetics is the science most closely associated with the evolution of homologous structures.  A Series of Engravings Representing the Human Skeleton. John Barclay, 1820.

Adult human female and ostrich skeleton, not to scale.

Ostrich engraving originally from Cheselden’s works, included to show analogous structures between the bird and the human. Though the evolutionary significance of homology and analogy of anatomical structures wasn’t understood yet, Linnaeus used many homologous structures in his grouping of creatures within families and species. However, Linnaeus grouped animals based upon morphology, not evolutionary characteristics.

These days, phylogenetics is the science most closely associated with the evolution of homologous structures. 

A Series of Engravings Representing the Human Skeleton. John Barclay, 1820.

Elephant Skeleton Check out that big hole in the front of the head! It’s not an eye socket - that’s the nasal passage, where the trunk attaches. It’s thought that elephant skulls found near ancient Greece inspired the myth of the Cyclops race.  A Series of Engravings Representing the Human Skeleton. John Barclay, 1820.

Elephant Skeleton

Check out that big hole in the front of the head! It’s not an eye socket - that’s the nasal passage, where the trunk attaches. It’s thought that elephant skulls found near ancient Greece inspired the myth of the Cyclops race. 

A Series of Engravings Representing the Human Skeleton. John Barclay, 1820.

The classic Vesalius! There were a few anatomist illustrators between Galen and Vesalius, but they were all very ex situ and out-of-place body parts, not entire bodies, and certainly not in the casual poses that Vesalius had the premier woodblock cutters in Venice produce. The “Danse macabre” pieces produced in the late medieval era throughout continental Europe influenced his illustrative style fairly heavily. De humani corporis fabrici libri septem. Andreas Vesalius, 1543.

The classic Vesalius! There were a few anatomist illustrators between Galen and Vesalius, but they were all very ex situ and out-of-place body parts, not entire bodies, and certainly not in the casual poses that Vesalius had the premier woodblock cutters in Venice produce. The “Danse macabre” pieces produced in the late medieval era throughout continental Europe influenced his illustrative style fairly heavily.

De humani corporis fabrici libri septem. Andreas Vesalius, 1543.

From A General Introduction to the Natural History of Mammiferous Animals, and the more closely allied genera of the order Quadrumana, or Monkeys. By W.C. Linnaeus Martin, 1841. No relation to the original Linnaeus. His father named him after the naturalist because of his love for organizing things as a young child.

From A General Introduction to the Natural History of Mammiferous Animals, and the more closely allied genera of the order Quadrumana, or Monkeys. By W.C. Linnaeus Martin, 1841.

No relation to the original Linnaeus. His father named him after the naturalist because of his love for organizing things as a young child.

skullandbone: fossil elk and human skeleton “Fossil elk” was the name given to the “elk” bones found in the Irish peat bogs in the 17th and 18th century. The bones are actually that of a huge species of the genus Megaloceros. They ranged throughout Eurasia, but were best-preserved in the Irish bogs, so were known as the “Irish Elk”. However, they’re more correctly known as the Giant Deer, as their closest living relatives are the fallow deer Dama genus.  Their body size was just larger than the Alaskan moose subspecies, but their antlers were significantly larger…they were actually large enough that during the season that they grew (they were shed every year, like antlers are wont to do), the deer suffered from severe osteoporosis. 

skullandbone:

fossil elk and human skeleton

“Fossil elk” was the name given to the “elk” bones found in the Irish peat bogs in the 17th and 18th century. The bones are actually that of a huge species of the genus Megaloceros. They ranged throughout Eurasia, but were best-preserved in the Irish bogs, so were known as the “Irish Elk”. However, they’re more correctly known as the Giant Deer, as their closest living relatives are the fallow deer Dama genus. 

Their body size was just larger than the Alaskan moose subspecies, but their antlers were significantly larger…they were actually large enough that during the season that they grew (they were shed every year, like antlers are wont to do), the deer suffered from severe osteoporosis. 

a-most-elusive-fish